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- normalizing - the process of making audio files the same volume
- NTSC - National Television Standards Committee United States' standard for scanning television signals that has been adopted by numerous other countries. Frames are displayed at 30 frames per second. (Other standards: PAL (Europe) and SECAM (France/former USSR)) more...
- OGG - This is an open-source codec, meaning (among other things) that no one has to pay licensing fees when it's used, unlike proprietary codecs such as MP3, WMA, or AAC. Ogg is a patent-free, fully open multimedia bitstream container format designed for efficient streaming and file compression (storage).
- OGG Vorbis - open source audio codec designed to compete with MP3. Since it is not licensed like MP3, software using this codec does not have to pay royalties. Ogg Vorbis is an "open-source" digital audio compression format. like MP3, It is a "lossy" compression system, removing frequencies deemed inaudible. Both formats offer variable-bitrate encoding options, for better efficiency. But the algorithms Ogg Vorbis uses to decide which information to discard differ from those used by MP3. Proponents claim that the Ogg Vorbis format outperforms MP3, producing files that are significantly smaller than MP3s of similar sound quality (or files that sound better than similarly sized MP3s).
- PAL - The European TV standard based upon 50 cycles per second electrical system and 625 lines per frame and 25 fps. (NTSC, the North American standard is based on 30 frames per second; French use SECAM). more...
- psychoacoustics - study of what sounds the human ear can detect. MP3 exploits the limits of human psychoacoustics to get smaller file size with limited detectable quality loss.
- PCM - Standard Windows WAV format for noncompressed audio files. Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) is the standard method of digitally encoding audio. It is the basic uncompressed data format used in file types such as Windows .wav. more...
- QuickTime is a file format for storing and playing back movies with sound. Though developed and supported primarily by Apple, Inc., this flexible format isn't limited to Macintosh operating systems ¡ª it's also commonly used in Windows systems and other types of computing platforms. In Windows, QuickTime files usually appear with the ".MOV" filename extension.
- RA (.ra) - "Real Audio" file type from Real Networks. Usually produced by any of Real Networks' proprietary software.
- RAW - Raw format of audio files. Doesn't contain header of an audio file. An image file of minimally processed data received from a digital camera. Most camera manufacturers have their own proprietary version of the RAW image format, and their own file suffixes. Canon, for example, uses ".crw" or ".cr2" for their version of RAW. Nikon's RAW files end in ".nef," while Sony uses ".arw" and ".srf" suffixes.
Professionals prefer shooting in RAW because the additional information these large files contain allows greater flexibility in post-production editing. Because the image is basically unprocessed (as compared to a JPEG image), RAW files can retain very subtle color variations and fine detail. Color changes, contrast adjustments, and other manipulations of a RAW image yield significantly fewer digital artifacts than the same changes made to a comparable JPEG file.
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GLOSSARY
